Scaling human–automation teaming for stratospheric internet
Challenge. Loon needed to scale from ~60 to hundreds of stratospheric “floating cell towers” without scaling flight-operations headcount linearly. The internal model treated operators like pilots — a mismatch for how the system actually worked.
What I did. Led research across workflow analysis, expert interviews, policy reviews, and usability testing, revealing a core category mistake in how the system was conceptualized.
Reframe. Showed that Loon functioned as airborne infrastructure, not aviation — and that operators were acting as automation supervisors (similar to SREs), not pilots.
Impact.
- 31% increase in system usability (SUS 65 → 85.3)
- ~28% reduction in exception-handling time-on-task
- Two new operational roles created to support scaled supervision
- Reframe adopted across leadership, legal, policy, and engineering
- Influenced NASA ConOps, ICAO, ASTM, and HAPS Alliance
- Enabled a sublinear scaling strategy for global operations
Further reading. Published case study (Journal of Air Traffic Control, PDF)